Cash remains a cornerstone of Indian transactions, especially in semi-urban and rural areas where ATM withdrawals outpace metro cities, according to a recent LinkedIn Economic Graph report. While UPI and digital payments dominate headlines, the data reveal a hybrid reality where physical currency persists for everyday needs.
The Urban-Rural Divide in Cash Usage
The report highlights stark geographic differences. Semi-urban and rural consumers rely more on ATMs for cash access, reflecting limited digital infrastructure and a preference for tangible money. In contrast, metros lean toward UPI for convenience, with urban digital payments surging 35% in FY25.
This aligns with RBI's Cash Usage Indicator (CUI), showing cash accounting for 51.9%–59.9% of household spending in 2024, even as digital transactions hit 43.6%. Rural areas favor cash for its immediacy in informal economies, daily wages, and small vendor payments.
Why Cash Endures Amid UPI Boom
Several factors keep cash relevant:
- Trust and Tangibility: Many prefer the "realness" of notes, avoiding digital glitches or connectivity issues.
- Small Transactions: Payments under ₹500 often stay cash-based due to habit and lack of change-making options.
- Cultural Norms: Weddings, tips, and informal loans remain cash-heavy.
- Hybrid Future: Retail payments are 99.8% digital-led by UPI's 49% CAGR (FY23–FY25), yet cash forms 50% of private consumption.
Even with UPI substituting cash in high-volume areas, behavioral inertia and socio-economic factors sustain coexistence.
Implications for Businesses and Freelancers
For freelancers in data research or virtual assistance, this duality means dual strategies: digital tools for urban clients, cash-tracking for rural market insights. Businesses should optimize for hybrid payments, UPI for speed, and cash for accessibility to capture India's diverse economy.
As digital penetration deepens, cash's role may shrink, but for now, it thrives where trust meets practicality.
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